Favorable features of rAAV vectors include the capability to transduce both dividing and nondividing cells, the potential to establish long-term and stable transgene expression in quiescent tissues, and the fact that the majority of transduction events are episomal, thus reducing the risk of insertional mutagenesis. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is one of the most promising gene therapy vectors. We conclude that each of these parameters should be taken into consideration when screening AAV libraries for enhanced properties of interest. (4) Using multiple rounds of selection can be counterproductive. (3) The use of low multiplicity of infections for infection results in more variation between screens and is not optimal at selecting the most desired capsids. (2) Competition between AAVs with specific capsids can take place in cells that have been infected with different AAVs. (1) Inclusion of helper-virus for AAV replication can selectively propagate variants that can replicate to higher titers, but are not necessarily better at transduction. The major findings of the study are the following.
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We uncovered new and unexpected insights in how to maximize the likelihood of obtaining AAV variants with the desired properties.
In this study, we examined how different parameters affect the screen of two different AAV libraries in two human cell types. Therefore, the use of barcoding for AAV capsid libraries, which can be screened by high-throughput sequencing, provides a powerful tool to track AAV capsid evolution and potentially improve AAV capsid library screens. However, in most cases, the process of AAV selection is not well understood and new strategies are required to define the best parameters to develop more efficient and functional rAAV capsids. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors with novel capsids can be isolated in nature or developed through different directed evolution strategies. In addition, readministration of an rAAV vector is in general not possible due to the immune response against the capsid. Some of the challenges include variable levels of pre-existing neutralizing antibodies and poor transduction in specific target tissues and/or diseases. Despite early successes using recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors in clinical gene therapy trials, limitations remain making additional advancements a necessity.
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